gouge



UNITED STATES PATENT Ormea HENRY A. GOUGE, OF NEW ROCHELLE, ASSIGNOR TO THE GOUGE HEATING AND VENTILA'IING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

y STOCK-CAR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 261,920, dated August 1., 1882.

Application filed September 16, 1880. (No model.)V

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HENRY A. GOUGE, of New Rochelle, in the county of Westchester, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Stock- Cars; and I do hereby declare that the following specification, taken in connection with the drawings furnished and forming a part of the y same,`is a clear, true, and complete descrip- 1o tion of my invention.

The prime object of my invention is to reduce the loss by shrinkage incident to the transportationbyrail to market of cattle, sheep, and hogs. That serious shrinkage is experienced is a fact well known, and the causes thereof are generally understood to consist in the irregularity of feeding and waterin g the stock,

and therefore much attention has heretofore been given to devising stock-cars wherein the zo feeding and watering may be readily and properly attended to. From a long and carefulinvestigation of the subject I have satisfied myself that the large shrinkage not guarded against through proper feeding and watering 2 5 is due in cold weather to undue exposure to the weather through the open-side cars', or to bad air when said cars are so far closed as to seemingly alford proper protection from the elements, and in hot weather not only to bad 3o air, but to the injudieious exposure to the sun and to indiscriminate blasts of air, first from one side of the car only, and then from the other, and then sweltering, with little or no draft of air, according as the direction of the line 4of track varies or corresponds with the direction and force ot' the wind from time to time. I have,moreover, carefully noted the effect upon cattle of nervous irritation incident to the passage of cattle-trains alongside 4o of other moving or stationary trains, under bridges, through tunnels, Sto., and am convinced that in most cases the stock is largely injured thereby. The open cars so commonly in use also unduly expose the cattle to the attack of iiies, and it is a matter well known that at every stoppageof a cattle-train myriads of gorged flies sluggishly leave the cars, to be replaced by another hungry swarm.

With astock-car constructed in accordance 5o with my invention cattle can be transported with a minimum of that shrinkage which is independent of feeding and watering, which should, of course, be provided for by the adoption of some one of the several heretofore-devised arrangements for those purposes.

In my car the sides or walls are susceptible of being wholly closed, as in a box-car. Suitablelongitudinal apertures at the floor on each side are provided with hinged doors to admit of frequent cleansing. Suitable windows in the sides and ends are also provided for admitting light, and these are provided with close shutters, so that either or all may be closed on proper occasion, as in erce cold storms. On each car I employ as a novel feature in a stock-car one or more air-injecting hoods, which communicate with interior pipes, whereby when the car is in motion fresh air under pressure will be freely supplied to the car and delivered at proper points therein. I also employ on each car one or more suctionhoods or ventilators, which, when the car is in motion, so exhaust air from the car as to maintain therein the desired freshness and freedom from poisonous exhalations, and when the car is at rest said ventilators freely discharge the rising exhalations and induce an inward supply of air at the various apertures in the walls of the car.

To more particularly describe my invention, I will et'er to the accompanying drawings, in which- Fi gurel represents, partly in side view and partly in vertical longitudinal section, a stockcar embodying lny invention. Fig. 2 represents the same partly in end view and partly in vertical cross-section.

The body A of the car may be variously constructed; but to be in accordance with my invention it should be susceptible of being so far closed as to be substantially a box-car. The longitudinal side aperturesrnearrthe iioor ot' the car, covered by the hinged lids a, are important, and they have` heretofore been employed, not for ventilation, but as aineans for 95 readily cleaning the car-floor or putting water and food into troughs provided for that purpose. Under variable circumstances these apertures are kept open or closed. The doors b of the car are or may be as heretofore. The :oo

windows c are also, as heretofore in some boxcars, preferably grated, and essentially provided with close-sliding shutters d, if they are not so small and so numerous as to not require their closure. I also prefer to have similar windows properly guarded by shutters at each end of the car. In such a car stock properly fed and watered will nevertheless shrink to a serious extent, notwithstanding their protection from inclement weather and such freedom from nervous shock and irritation as result from the use of the close-walled carin contradistinction t o the open or slat car. I have therefore, in accordance with myinvention, introduced well-known means for artificial ventilation, involving either the forcible induction of fresh air or special means for exhausting foul air, but preferably apparatus for performing both operations.

The air-forcing hood B shown in the drawings may be variously constructed; but I perfer one of simple form, possessing the dropvalve in its center, which provides for the proper forcible induction of air, regardless of the direction in which the car is moved. The pipe c within the car communicates with the hood, receives air therefrom,4and delivers it within the car at one end, near the iioor, at c. More than one of these hoods may sometimes be profitably employed, and air-dues may be branched from said pipe c when desired-as, for instance, inv such cars as have two or more floors, one above the other, for transporting calves, sheep, and hogs, in which case it is desirable that each oor or section should have its d ue proportion of fresh air direct from the hood and its pipes, instead of relying with me.

To provide for a positive removal of foul air, the Ventilating apparatus G is relied upon, ot' which one or more may be employed. Various forms of ventilators are Well suited for the purpose; but I deem it desirable that the most approved types thereof' be used, and I prefer such as are shown and described in prior Letters Patent issued to me relating to the heating and ventilating of passenger-cars, and also in my Letters Patent for grain-cars, July 2, 1878, No. 205,634.

lt will be seen thatthe side openings or windows, c, are near the top. of the car, and that it' each of these be more or less opened the ventilatingapparatus may be dispensed with and desirable results nevertheless attained, be-

cause the air-forcin g hood will deliver the cool fresh air beneath the cattle, and the heated air and exhalations from the cattle, on rising, will have free exitfromoneor more of the windows on one or both sides of the car, according to the force and direction of the wind. So, also, can desirable results be attained if the air-forcing apparatus be dispensed with, if the ventilatin g apparatus be used, because the lids a near the iioor of the car, at the sides, on being partially raised, will admit fresh air beneath the cattle, to take the place of the foul air exhausted by the ventilatin g apparatus. I prefer, however, that the car as a whole be constructed in all respects substantially as shown and described, because it is then best adapted to properly operate under all the varied conditions incident to its use.

Without the use of the air induction and exhaust apparatus a well-filled cattle-car of the character described will ordinarily indicate a interior temperature of from 300 to 400 higher than that of the external atmosphere at, say, 7 00, and the variation in colder weather would be nearly as great. In cold weather-sufficient light is only required via the windows of the car, and therefore my air-supplying apparatus furnishes ample fresh air, and the ventilators promptly dispose of the foul air without reducing the temperature within the car below that of the ordinary stable. In hot weather the car may be so far darkened as to exclude the suns rays and render the interior non -attractive to flies, and an ample supply of healthful fresh air is maintained within thecar, and to such an extent is the fresh air supplied and foul air exhausted as to result in a temperature within the car but 1ittle, if any, above that of the external atmosphere, notwithstanding the appreciable internal radiation of heat from the walls and roof of the car, which in hot weather is well known to occur. v

While I have mainly considered the transportation of stock froma practical or economic point of view, I am not unmindful of thosefiner considerations which areinvolvedin the proper treatmentof brutes with reference to their ease and comfort 5 but it will be seenthat these latter results necessarilyfollow or accompany the economic results. N or am I unmindful of the superior quality of human food afforded by stock carefully and tenderly transported to market as compared with stock which has been neglected and abused, for although that is a matter of great hygienic importance, it is almost universally neglected unless accompanied by results which are unfortunately recognized as of more importance, because pertaining to a matter of pecuniary profit and loss.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. The combination, with a close stock-car, of guarded openings near the iioor of the car and a ventilatin g apparatus whereby the foul air is withdrawn through the top of the car and fresh air admitted through the-guarded openings near the floor, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a close stock-car, of an apparatus for forcibly injecting air and delivering it near the bottom of the car, of suitable guarded openings in the sides of the car, nearthe top thereof, whereby fresh air IOO IIO

may be forced into the our and foul air freely paratus, and the Ventilating apparatus, as and allowed to escape through the openings, subfor the purposes specified. stantally as'described. l

3. The close stock-oar, substantially as here- H A' GOUGE' inbefore described, provided with lche guarded openings near the floor, the guarded openings or Windows nem' the top, the air-induction ap- Witnesses':

EDWARD LUMLEY, A. J SAVAGE. 

